Small with BIG benefits
Livestock do not need to be “large” to offer big benefits, and especially for smaller acreages there is none that can out-perform a Dexter.
Multi-purpose
When considering livestock for small acreages, selecting an animal species or specific breed that provides multiple benefits should be the goal. The selection criteria is not just milk or beef, but rather milk and beef and hopefully other benefits as well.
More than food
Dexters can provide more than food: their byproducts can be used for a variety of artisan crafts. Dexters can increase soil fertility and reduce soil compaction. They provide weed eating, fire load reduction all while offering extra income from their abundance and/or being a hobby as many Dexter owners enjoy showing and exhibiting their animals.
Quality-not quantity
Different from other cattle breeds, beef type or dairy, Dexters are not bred and raised for quantity production but rather quality of product. A Dexter will provide excellent quality beef and superior milk in manageable quantities. No, they will not ”feed the world”, but they will efficiently convert grass and browse into nutritious and delicious food for a family.
Ideal for grass-fed beef
With their naturally small size, Dexters are ideal for grass-fed/grass-finished beef. Depending on your preference you can harvest as early as eighteen months for a leaner product or wait until twenty-four months for more marbling.
Better flavor
Ask any butcher or chef that has had the opportunity to taste Dexter beef and they will validate that it is notably better tasting than typical beef breeds.
Impressive yield
Another notable advantage is the conversion ratio from hanging weight to cut & wrap weight where a typical beef breed will usually be in the 40-50% range, a Dexter harvested at the an optimum time will be in the 50-55%+ range with the smaller cut sizes more aligned with dietary guidelines for recommended serving size.
Delicious milk, high butterfat
Dexter milk is different from the better known homesteading dairy breeds like Jerseys or Guernsey. Although the butterfat is touted at an impressive 4% (surely diet can affect this) it is naturally more homogenized into the milk so the cream separation is not as pronounced which is a wonderful attribute when making cheese. Even after skimming the cream, the remaining milk is anything but thin (non-fat) “skimmed milk”. Compared to the typical heavy cream texture of Jersey milk, Dexter milk is known for its lighter fresher taste.
Manageable quantities
A Dexter cow will produce one to two gallons of milk at a milking, which is much less milk than a specialized dairy breed, but Dexters are intended to be a dual purpose family cow (beef and dairy), so the goal is to provide fresh daily milk for a family, provide for the growing calf (which will one day be beef) and still remain in good body condition herself.
Efficient
In addition to providing quality beef and milk, cattle on small acreages need to be efficient: not particular in regards to feed, hardy in any season or climate and needing little or no intervention when it comes to calving and raising their offspring. Dexters are exactly that.
Low inputs
Commercial beef and dairy producers are sadly coming to terms with the reality that “bigger does not equal better”. They have bred for higher volume, without the financial considerations of the higher inputs and maintenance required to achieve those volumes. A commercial dairy cow requires massive feed and pharmaceutical inputs to achieve this high volume, and this high production burden has reduced the expected life span to a mere five years.
Just as deficient, a beef raiser must be prepared to “pull” (assist with) calves increasing the potential of financial loss from added manpower needed, risk of mortality of both calf and cow, and impaired fertility of the cow.
More pounds per acre
Juxtapose all of that to a Dexter which is hardy, thriving in a wide variety of locals. The use of vaccines or the need for antibiotics is rare. They are small cattle so require less to keep good body condition thus offering more pounds per acre than a larger breed would.
Longevity
A Dexter heifer should deliver her first healthy calf when she is two years old, and birth easily and consistently until she is eighteen years old. Given this longevity, a Dexter cow could out produce a production breed over the course of her lifetime.
Milking optional
People who milk their Dexters often use a strategy called share-milking or once-a-day milking where they do not wean the calf from the mother until six to ten months old, and separating them at night, milking in the morning and then putting them together for the rest of the day.
There are no feeding bottle or buckets to clean using this technique and the calf is spared the digestive problems associated with bottle feeding and achieve greater growth potential from having continual protective antibodies that can only be provided by its mother’s milk.
One other huge advantage to using this strategy specifically with Dexters is the luxury of milking being “optional.” With other dairy breeds, this is not an option – they must be milked at least once a day, every day, no matter what, whether you need milk or not, no days off for any reason.
Manageable size
But probably the most appreciated attribute of Dexters is their manageable size. While the sheer bulk of standard breeds present management challenges, the less intimidating size of Dexters give young people, women and even seniors the satisfaction of being able to “manage ‘em themselves.” Add their typically friendly, nonthreatening temperaments and it is easy to understand how they quickly become endeared more as a “family pet” easily integrating into the daily life of a small farm making them the ideal family cow.
What to look for
Originally Dexters were mostly small, black and horned, but today there is a wide range of sizes, body types as well as red and dun colored and even polled (hornless) genetics within the purebred US herd.
But much more important than color or size, is to learn what good conformation looks like, including feet and udders (and scrotum sack if you are purchasing a bull), and what a good temperament looks like. So first, do some studying, then, do some looking. Look at as many as you can. By seeing many live examples the difference between good and bad traits becomes obvious.
Know its history
Next, you need to know from where it came. This is where current registration papers become cheap insurance as they not only provide the pedigree and the record of ownership over the animal’s lifetime, but can also show any genetic testing done, which is like looking under the hood when you are buying a car-a very good idea. Lurking in the DNA are both desirable and undesirable genes and you would surely want to know if they are present or not.
Reputable breeder
Seek out an experienced reputable Dexter breeder who understands the importance of accurate record keeping and registration, and who raises their cattle in a way that resonates with you.
The right breeder
Dexter breeders are as varied as Dexter themselves; from homesteaders with their eye on practicality and functionality to others focusing on breeding “show quality” stock. Some breeders love raising the very small Dexters as a hobby and some are passionate about preserving the rare ancient bloodlines within the Dexter breed.
So if your main goal is a quiet Dexter to milk, look for a breeder who actually milks their Dexters. If you want to show cattle, or raise grassfed beef, find a breeder who excels at that.
Quality is no accident
An experienced reputable breeder takes pride in their Dexters genetics. Their calves are not from an accidental breeding with a herd mate who got castrated too late or some random convenient bull down the road. Sires and dams were specifically chosen to bring the strengths of one to offset a weakness in the other and to provide other desired genetic traits resulting with each generation of offspring being an improvement from the previous one.
Choose wisely - When you buy the cow, you buy the breeder
When you buy from a reputable Dexter breeder you are not just buying the animal, you are buying the breeder and their wealth of experience as well.
A reputable Dexter breeder loves their Dexters, and will do all they can to ensure that you do too, by mentoring you if you are new to cattle, and being available to answer questions or offer advice long after your initial purchase.
Spend wisely
When it finally comes to investing in any large livestock, the mindset of: “Why pay more when you can pay less?” is answered with “Because you will spend more when you spend less.”
The initial investment of large livestock is nothing compared to the maintenance, infrastructure needed and expense to manage a potential health issue. Before you purchase, get proof of vaccinations and a current clean bill of health by a veterinarian.
Registration certificates offer a lot of information about genetic traits that may or may not be evident by looking at the animal. They also provide a transfer history so you can see who bred it, who has owned it and where it has been.
So the few hundred extra dollars that you might spend when buying a purebred registered Dexter is money well spent.